Competitors and consumers tend to be the most harmed by infringements of Competition Law. Enforcement of competition rules in court proceedings brought by individuals has grown significantly in recent times.

Law 23/2018 of June 5 lays down rules on compensation for damages following for infringements of Competition Law, transposing Directive 2014/104/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of November 26 into the national legal framework, as well as rules on other claims based on infringements of Competition Law.

The Portuguese courts have the possibility, and, in some cases, the obligation to raise questions for preliminary ruling before the Court of Justice of the European Union relating to the enforcement of competition rules in any proceedings pending at national level.